Adapted from the talk as a book chapter, in the speaker's voice. It keeps the argument, stories and wording where possible, but it is an edited retelling, not a transcript. Tap a time in the margin to hear that moment.
Before the talk
Brooks BuserRadius has about 460 graduates on the field. It is a training school, not a sending agency; sending agencies come to Radius to recruit. We all know intuitively that better-trained soldiers, pilots and doctors do a better job, and yet in missions it's often the excitable people who end up going, and they usually aren't well trained. So a few years ago Radius started Missionary as its resourcing arm, to speak to pastors about what happens on this side of the ocean, while Radius trains for what happens on the other side.
Chad VegasMissionary is the inspirational and educational side of Radius International. It exists to help the church prepare to send well: to build a culture of missions, to send people faithfully, and to care for them while they're on the field.
Brooks BuserIn your conference bag there's a little desk stand with a card for a new series of five short videos (mercifully short, not two-hour monologues): Own the mission, Steward the means, Build the house, Commit to the culture, and Labor together. They're all at missionary.com. This is our real attempt to help churches send well, and not just to send everywhere. By God's grace there are churches in every major language; we shouldn't call those unreached, though we might call some poorly reached. But what about the languages where the gospel and the church have yet to go? We believe the flow of missions is dictated not by the sending agencies but by the church. If the church catches a vision for going, that is what will change missions.
Chad VegasMissionary.com, by the way; missionary.org is the Mormons. Brooks and I have also written a book, Send and Survive, which grows out of our own churches' experience of sending (Brooks as a missionary, me as a pastor) and of members so committed to sending well that they make us look good. Its chapters line up with those videos and help your church understand that it is a missionary society. You are the sending agency, a lampstand that exists to give off the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ to the ends of the earth. A QR code in the book leads to resources like sample missions policies and how to vet people for the field.
Jonathan MasterI want to commend Chad Vegas, pastor of Sovereign Grace Church in Bakersfield, California, for three reasons. First, as a pastor he has modeled for many of us pastoral leadership in missions, including helping found Radius International and all kinds of other entrepreneurial kingdom work. Second, his careful attention to the Scriptures: you don't have to spend long with him to see a man who loves the word of God and submits his mind to it. Third, I have the privilege of being his friend, and I can testify to his personal godliness, his love for Christ, and his desire to be as useful as he can in Christ's service.
“But when the Helper comes, whom I will send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth, who proceeds from the Father, he will bear witness about me. And you also will bear witness, because you have been with me from the beginning.” (John 15:26–27)
Our text begins with the word but: “But when the Helper comes.” That contrast points us back to what comes just before it, where Jesus has been speaking of how the world hated him and so will hate his disciples too. In fact, from chapter 13 through chapter 16 Jesus is preparing his disciples for his departure. He is going to the cross; he will rise; he will ascend to the right hand of the Father. He is preparing them for his absence, and for the trouble they will face in this world.
I stress that context because it is the context of this text. But I stress it also for another reason. As I prepared to speak about the mission of the Holy Spirit, what was most on my heart were people I cannot name, in places I will not name, who I know will hear these words. They are missionaries from my own church, serving in hard parts of the earth. As I studied, I was repeatedly overwhelmed in prayer for them, longing for them to be greatly encouraged.
When I hear from them, it is often through tears. They struggle with the strain on their marriages. They fear for their children: will they grow bitter, or will they love Jesus more? Will they thank God that their parents were sent, or resent it? They fear they will never learn the language well enough to articulate the gospel clearly. They face opposition from the government and from the people. They worry about their own inability to teach and preach. And they wonder whether a people so hardened in sin and idolatry (in this case Islam mixed with animism) will ever have ears to hear and eyes to see, or whether they will spend themselves and see no fruit. These anxieties press on them constantly, against the opposition of the world, the flesh and the devil. So indulge me. I want you to hear this message, but they are on my heart, and I hope they will be deeply encouraged.
I want to come at this text under three headings. First, the mission of the Holy Spirit reveals his person (the first part of verse 26). Second, the mission of the Holy Spirit is to bear witness to Christ in us (the last phrase of verse 26). Third, the mission of the Holy Spirit is to bear witness to the nations through us (verse 27, and then Acts).
1. The Spirit's mission reveals his person
“When the Helper comes, whom I will send to you from the Father.” He is sent. I don't want to run past that word, because when we talk about mission we are going back to this verb, to send; the word mission comes from the Latin for sending. Here is the mission of the Holy Spirit: “whom I will send to you from the Father, the Spirit of truth, who proceeds from the Father.”
When we speak of the mission of the Holy Spirit, or, as Kevin DeYoung will tomorrow, of the mission of the Son (the order really ought to be reversed, but Kevin's schedule required it), we mean this. The Father sent the Son to redeem us: he took human nature to himself, walked among us, taught, worked miracles, suffered, died in our place, rose for us, and ascended to the right hand of the Father, from where he poured out the Holy Spirit. And the Spirit is sent to sanctify us, to apply the work of the Son to us.
The missions of God reveal the processions in God. In the mission of the Son we learn of the Father's unbegottenness and of the Son's eternal begottenness. In the mission of the Spirit we learn of his eternal procession from the Father and the Son. In the historical missions of the Son and the Spirit we receive a clear revelation of our triune God.
There are hints of plurality in God in the Old Testament, foreshadowings. “In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth,” and in verse 2 the Spirit of God hovers over the face of the deep. In verse 26 God says, “Let us make man in our image.” We have one God (“Hear, O Israel: the Lord our God, the Lord is one,” Deuteronomy 6:4) and yet we hear of some kind of plurality in him. B. B. Warfield compared the Old Testament to a richly furnished room in dim light. When Christ comes and the Spirit is poured out, the lights come on. The furniture hasn't changed; it is simply fully illumined. God did not become triune in the missions of the Son and the Spirit. He has always been our one triune God. But now we see it clearly.
Now slow down on a preposition: “whom I will send to you from the Father… who proceeds from the Father.” There is a kind of “from-ness” to the Holy Spirit. That's not really a word, but you get the idea: he is from the Father and the Son.
Scripture gives us an analogy for this right at the start. I want to be careful with analogies. In them we are grasping, by the help of the Spirit, at truth about the Creator in creaturely language. What we know of God is true, but it is never exhaustive; we are only touching the hem of his garment. The analogy appears in Genesis 1: the earth was without form and void, and the Spirit (ruach, breath) hovered over it.
Think about “from-ness” in terms of breath. When you have a thought, you put it into a word, and the word is carried out on your breath. (God, of course, never has a bad thought. He doesn't brainstorm and say, “Dumb idea, dumb idea.”) Put your hand in front of your mouth as you speak, and you feel the breath that carries your words. Breath has a kind of executive force. So too the Holy Spirit has, if you like, an executive function.
The point of Genesis 1:2 is not that something has gone wrong in creation. The point is that you are being shown the beginning of a creation that is about to be completed, brought to perfection and fruition: three days of forming, three days of filling, and then God rests and sets apart the seventh day as holy. All the works of God are the works of the one undivided triune God, but particular works are eminently attributed to each person, and to the Spirit is attributed this work of perfecting, completing, bringing to fruition what God is doing. Creation is from the Father, through the Son, in the Spirit.
We see it again in Genesis 2:7, when God forms Adam from the dust and breathes into him the breath of life. The Spirit gives life to Adam, bringing God's work to fruition. And the Spirit is at work not only in creation but in providence, upholding all things, and in new creation.
“In the beginning was the Word,” John begins, echoing Genesis 1, “and the Word was with God, and the Word was God… All things were made through him.” All things are from the Father, through the Son. (I'll leave that to Kevin.) And the Son, in his life and ministry, is empowered by the Spirit. The Spirit overshadows the womb of Mary. The Spirit anoints him at his baptism. He has the Spirit without measure and gives the Spirit without measure.
Now remember creation and new creation, and turn to John 20. The risen Jesus stands among his disciples in the upper room: “Peace be with you. As the Father has sent me, even so I am sending you.” And when he had said this, he breathed on them and said, “Receive the Holy Spirit.” The Spirit breathed life into the first Adam and brought God's design in Genesis 1 and 2 to fruition. The Spirit who empowered the Son, in whom we have new creation, is now breathed out by the Son upon his disciples. He is not only the Spirit who brings the old creation to its fulfillment; he is the Spirit who brings the new creation to its fulfillment. If anyone is in Christ, new creation!
You may be saying, “Here's my struggle. When I try to distinguish the Father from the Son and the Spirit, thinking of one of the three draws me to the one, and thinking of the one draws me to the three. Maybe you haven't been clear enough.” If that is where you are, you are not confused. You are getting it. Gregory of Nazianzus said exactly that in his Oration on Holy Baptism.
2. The Spirit bears witness to Christ in us
Look again at the last phrase of verse 26: “he will bear witness about me.” The mission of the Holy Spirit is to bear witness to Christ in us.
He is called the Helper, the Advocate, the Paraclete. In John 14 he is “another Helper,” another of the same kind, for Jesus too is our Advocate with the Father. And he is the Spirit of truth, who will guide the apostles into all the truth concerning Jesus, taking what is Christ's and making it known to them. His testimony is to Christ.
So let me take you from the “from-ness” of breath to what I'll call the Spirit's ministry of deflection. Forgive the rough analogy, but think of the Holy Spirit as the person in the room who is always changing the subject. You come to the Spirit and say, “I want to know you. Tell me about you.” And he answers:
“The Son of God, through whom all things were made, took human nature to himself. Can you believe it? The Lawgiver placed himself under the law. He walked among you. The Holy One became sin for you. The Blessed One became a curse. The Author of life died for you. And more: he rose for your justification. His vindication before principalities and powers is your vindication. He ascended to heaven, where he rules and reigns for you and ever lives to intercede for you, and you are tethered to him there, anchored in Christ. Eternity is yours. Can you believe that?”
“Yes, but I asked about you.”
“Can you even grasp that the Father loves you? You are a sinful creature; nothing in you drew that love from him. Yet he loved you, and he sent his Son, not so that he could love you, but because he loves you. He is not reluctant to save. It is not as if, so long as Jesus has you in the book, he will grudgingly call you his own. He went looking for you. When he saw you coming, he ran to you, threw his arms around you, kissed you and rejoiced over you.”
“But I still asked about you.” Friends, it is precisely in that deflection, in the Spirit's joy in revealing the Son to you, so that in seeing the Son you also see the Father who loves you, that you come to know the Spirit.
And he bears witness to Christ in us. Paul gives another analogy in 1 Corinthians 2:10–11: “These things God has revealed to us through the Spirit. For the Spirit searches everything, even the depths of God. For who knows a person's thoughts except the spirit of that person, which is in him? So also no one comprehends the thoughts of God except the Spirit of God.” No one can know your thoughts unless you tell them. In the same way, you cannot know the heart of God, the deep things of God, apart from the Spirit of God.
Paul says this just after a comment that takes us back to the cross. Remember Jesus' cry: “Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.” What did he mean? They knew his claim to be the Messiah. They knew his teaching and his miracles. They knew they were killing an innocent man. His point is not that they were morally blameless through ignorance. His point is that they did not see him as he is. The knowledge they needed is spiritually discerned, and they had no eyes to see, no ears to hear, no hearts to believe. They were spiritually dead. Paul says the same in 1 Corinthians 2:8: “None of the rulers of this age understood this, for if they had, they would not have crucified the Lord of glory.”
It is one thing for me to rehearse the history of what Christ did in his life, death and resurrection for sinners. It is another for you to hear it and say, “He not only forgives sins; he has forgiven my sins. He not only declares sinners righteous, clothing them with Christ's righteousness; he has declared me righteous. He loves not only the world; he loves me.” That is the Spirit's work. God's love has been poured into our hearts through the Holy Spirit (Romans 5:5), and we love because he first loved us. The Spirit gives eyes to see, ears to hear and hearts to believe. He makes Christ known, not only publicly through the minister in the preaching of the word, but in your heart. He testifies to Christ not only through the minister, making him publicly known in the preaching of the word, but in your heart, so that when the minister speaks and the Spirit takes his words and drives them into your heart, you are no longer hearing that man. You are hearing the Lord Jesus himself call his sheep. You are hearing his voice as he speaks to you by the Spirit and through his word.
Those of you who are on the field, or heading there (this isn't only for you, but you are on my mind): there will be lonely nights far from family, friends and church. You will face difficulties and anxieties and the dark night of the soul. You will lie awake and wonder, “Has God forgotten to be gracious? Has he in anger shut up his compassion? Has his steadfast love forever ceased? Where is he?” And you will cry out to him. Remember Romans 8:26. The Spirit is in you. In the moments when you can do nothing but groan, he takes those inarticulate groans and brings the prayers you need before the ears of the Father.
That is what Jesus wants the apostles to grasp here, before he speaks of sending them out: “I will not leave you as orphans.” The Spirit will come, and the Father and the Son will make their home with them.
3. The Spirit bears witness to the nations through us
“And you also will bear witness, because you have been with me from the beginning” (v. 27). If we know anything about context, we know that the “you” here is not first you and me in the pew. It is the apostles, who were with Jesus from the beginning of his ministry. They will bear witness; they will hand down to us the apostolic doctrine; the Spirit is given to them so that they preach Christ. So yes, the Spirit will proclaim the gospel to the nations through us, but the “us” is first the apostles.
They are the foundation of the church, with Christ Jesus himself the cornerstone (Ephesians 2:20), and they have passed the baton to the church. The Spirit empowers first and uniquely the apostles, but also those who come to faith through their word. Arguably all 120 are empowered at Pentecost. In Acts 4:31 the gathered church is filled with the Spirit and speaks the word with boldness. Paul tells Timothy to guard the good deposit by the Holy Spirit who dwells within us.
Turn to Acts 1. During the forty days between his resurrection and ascension, the disciples ask Jesus about restoring the kingdom to Israel. He has been teaching them about the kingdom of God and the baptism of the Spirit, all of which belongs together, though I haven't time to unpack it. And he says in verse 8: “You will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth.”
This is not, first of all, a missions paradigm in which your home church is Jerusalem, the surrounding towns are Judea, Samaria is that sketchy town ten miles out, and California is the end of the earth. (As a resident of California, I sometimes feel we are.) Jerusalem is the actual city where the apostles bore witness to Christ. Then came Judea and Samaria in Acts 8, and the ends of the earth as the book of Acts unfolds. This is a prophecy of what the apostles would in fact do, as his witnesses, in power, when the Spirit came upon them.
Notice: “You will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you.” Earlier I spoke of the Spirit as the breath of God; now think of his power. He is the one who orders and perfects God’s creation and brings it to completion. He is the one breathed out to give life to Adam. He is the one who makes the floodwaters recede so that dry ground appears (Genesis 8:1). He is the one who parts the Red Sea to save God’s people and destroy his enemies (Exodus 14:21). He is the one called upon to breathe on the valley of dry bones and give life to the dead. He is the one by whose power the Lord Jesus was raised (Romans 1:4). That is the power at work in the apostles, and from them in us and through us, as we bear witness.
If I didn't believe that, I would never stand up, open a Bible and teach anyone anything, because from the moment my words left my mouth they would fall to the ground, and not one person would be changed by them. It is only and always by the power of the Holy Spirit that anything we do has any effect. That is the power of the minister: not himself. Who is sufficient for these things? No one. But the Spirit empowers us. I cannot say that enough.
Look at 2 Corinthians 4. Paul has just contrasted the old covenant ministry with the new covenant ministry of the Spirit, and he says: “Therefore, having this ministry by the mercy of God, we do not lose heart.”
Let me say this for gospel ministers here at home and for our missionaries. Sometimes you preach and it feels as if there's a glass wall in front of you and your words are bouncing off. You look out at people staring at their phones, and you can almost see the birds swooping down to snatch the seed. You go from house to house. Sometimes it is greatly encouraging; sometimes it is greatly distressing. How do you not lose heart, assaulted as we all are by the world, the flesh and the devil?
“But we have renounced disgraceful, underhanded ways. We refuse to practice cunning or to tamper with God's word.” What is Paul getting at? There were men who thought they had a better method. They could draw bigger crowds and bring in more funds; they had clever tactics. Paul says, “We refuse to do any of that.” So I don't take courage by looking around for the latest gimmick or ministry methodology: “What's happening in that part of the world that's changing everybody's lives? Can someone package it in a book and sell it to me so we can do it here? There's a fresh wind of the Spirit, and all you need is this man's latest book, and you'll be able to do what no one in the church has done until this moment,” as though you could help along an impotent Holy Spirit. Friends, once you start running after clever methods and techniques, you have neutered the Holy Spirit.
“But by the open statement of the truth we would commend ourselves to everyone's conscience in the sight of God. And even if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled to those who are perishing. In their case the god of this world has blinded the minds of the unbelievers, to keep them from seeing the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God.” They cannot see because they are in darkness, and they need light. How will they get it? Not by your putting yourself and your clever technique between them and Jesus. “For what we proclaim is not ourselves, but Jesus Christ as Lord, with ourselves as your servants for Jesus' sake. For God, who said, ‘Let light shine out of darkness,’ has shone in our hearts to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.”
The same God who spoke light into the first creation speaks light into your heart, and you see. That is the power of the Holy Spirit, not my power, working through his word as he bears witness to Christ through me and through you. As he sent his apostles to all the nations, so that great commission is passed down to us: to make disciples of all nations, every ethnic and language group. Christ has saved a people from every tribe and tongue and nation, as God promised Abraham that all the families of the earth would be blessed in his offspring. They belong to him, and we go to every one of them to claim what is his.
See the international character of it. When the Spirit is poured out at Pentecost, the apostles, and probably all 120, speak in languages they do not know but the hearers do. That list of nations in Acts 2 arguably echoes the table of nations in Genesis 10. Humanity was divided into nations by the confusion of languages at Babel; now the Spirit is poured out, a new creation is coming in Christ, and Babel is being reversed. (Michael Morales will say much more about that in his session on Genesis 11, and I encourage you to go.)
This is the work the Lord sends his church to do, and he sends us to do it in the power of the Holy Spirit. We go with confidence: not confidence in ourselves, but in Christ and in the Spirit he has sent upon the nations. That is his mission, and he will not fail.
That word above all earthly powers, no thanks to them, abideth; the Spirit and the gifts are ours through him who with us sideth. Let goods and kindred go, this mortal life also; the body they may kill: God's truth abideth still; his kingdom is forever.
Father, may your Spirit be at work in us, that we would hear your Son speak in his word and be transformed ever more into his image, in true righteousness and holiness, from one degree of glory to another. And as your Spirit presses this truth upon us, may we who have been saved by Christ long to proclaim the excellencies of him who called us out of darkness into his marvelous light. You are the Lord who sent your Son, who sent your Spirit to sanctify us, and who sends your church in the power of the Spirit to proclaim the redeeming work of your Son. In Jesus' name, amen.