The panel retold as a book chapter, each answer in the speaker's own voice. Questions from the floor are summarized. It keeps the substance and wording where possible, but it is an edited retelling, not a transcript. Tap a time in the margin to hear that moment.
The panel
Brooks BuserWe had a Q&A yesterday and about seven people never got to ask their question, so we'll try to keep things moving. The theme is “Ask Anything about Missions,” so line up at the mic and don't be shy. First, a quick word on who we are.
Chad VegasI'm Chad Vegas, pastor of Sovereign Grace Church in Bakersfield, California. Brooks's dad and I and a few other men had the privilege of starting Radius International together, and from there Brooks and I started Missionary. I also teach missions at Greenville Presbyterian Theological Seminary.
Jonathan MasterI'm Jonathan Master, president of Greenville Seminary. All three of us are on the steering committee for this conference. Greenville and Radius have a partnership program for training missionaries who, Lord willing, will end up among the least reached peoples of the world.
Brooks BuserAnd I'm Brooks Buser. I lead Radius and Missionary. Thank you for making it this far. Three days is long, but not that long. We're glad to have you.
Leadership in a brand-new church
Brooks, as those first forty or fifty Yembiyembi believers came to faith, how did leadership work? Did you appoint yourself as an elder, or act like one?
Brooks BuserWe had two other families on the missionary team. One stayed the whole time, the other had to leave a little early, and the three families together led from the time we had believers until we left eight years later. We didn't name elders at first. We didn't even start teaching Titus and Timothy, because they weren't translated for another two years. As we taught through those books it made a real difference, and we did specific training on what it means to be an elder and a deacon. But honestly, how the Yembiyembi Christians lived, and especially how they died, was probably the most powerful testimony to the gospel. It changed the DNA of the village in so many ways.
Short-term missions
Where do short-term missions fit with what we've heard these last few days, and what are the marks of healthy short-term trips?
Chad VegasLet me start with what you shouldn't do. Don't hear me as anti-short-term missions; Radius has a short-term program. But I'm concerned about the usual emphases, and I've been one of the most egregious violators. I led teams on what I'd now call exotic church-paid vacations: wonderful experiences in places everyone wanted to see, but mostly we wore out our missionaries, accomplished very little and spent massive amounts of money. There was some fruit; some of those young people became interested in the rest of the world. I just wish I'd been more deliberate.
Chad VegasShort-term trips can be very useful if you know your goals. If you're taking young people to teach them about God's work in the world, don't confuse them by pretending they're going to plant a church or evangelize people whose language and culture they don't know. Go serve in some diaconal capacity, and intentionally teach them God's heart for the world and for missions. Short-term medical work and other mercy ministries can be quite useful too. But get an honest assessment from your missionary: are we actually helping you, or wearing you out while you feel obligated because your sending church expects it? Make sure you're a help and not undermining them.
Jonathan MasterLet me underscore one thing, and it will sound odd. I would be very cautious about doing any evangelistic work where you don't speak the language. Even in English there are so many opportunities to be misunderstood or to misrepresent things. You've probably tried to explain the Lord to non-Christian friends and been misunderstood, or misspoken, in your native tongue. Now imagine that somewhere you don't speak the language. It sounds counterintuitive, but on short-term work in another language you probably want to avoid direct evangelism. Diaconal work, medical work, supporting missionaries: that's wonderful, and you can weigh costs and benefits like anything else. But it's a different category.
How much of the Bible to translate
I'm Art, a pastor in California. We sent a choice servant, a single woman, to Papua New Guinea. She's two years from finishing the New Testament, and she's been asked whether to go on and translate the Old Testament (beyond the portions like Genesis already planned) or move to another ministry, since Tok Pisin is the prevailing language. How should we counsel her?
Brooks BuserYou have to weigh a handful of factors. The preference, obviously, is the whole Bible in their language, Old and New Testaments. Much of church history started with the New Testament; if you can include Genesis 1–3, I'd highly recommend it, but definitely the New Testament. Where a language group is experiencing language loss, you have to make some dicey calls about how much is needed before the national language overtakes the mother tongue. There's a science to it. At Radius we do language group assessments. What do the five-year-olds speak? The thirteen-year-olds? What are the natural trade and marriage networks? How long do we expect this language to last? Some minority languages are so large and insular they'll be around for one or two hundred years. The idea that all minority languages will vanish in ten years is a fallacy. The accurate approach is to measure language loss in that group; that tells you how much time you have.
Brooks BuserAnd to be clear, Radius isn't about preserving languages for their own sake. If a smaller language is absorbed into a national language, we should rejoice, because there are far more biblical resources in the bigger languages. So it's not lamentable to translate a certain portion and then let the national language, with all its resources, take over. It's a case-by-case, language-by-language call.
Women in missions
I'm Caleb Davis from Hampton Falls First Baptist Church in New Hampshire. Would you speak directly to the role of women in missions? My older, single sister wants to go to the field. I've encouraged her to find a team, a pastor planting a church, and to join that team and help the church thrive. What would you say?
Jonathan MasterVery much what you said: find a team, support it, bring whatever gifts and skills you have, and go for it. That is a wonderful gift to any team, and it will be hard work requiring great sacrifice. Depending on her background and the team's needs, there are all kinds of ways her service could be vital. Close friends of ours are a pastor and his wife; when she was single she lived in a small, remote village in Africa, essentially schooling a missionary couple's children. Because she had those skills, that couple could engage more fully in their calling while their children were cared for. The advice you gave is the advice I'd give. I think it's biblical, with biblical examples and countless examples in church history and today.
Chad VegasAt Radius both husbands and wives receive all the training, and single women too; we provide childcare so wives can learn. Women, married or single, clearly have a role. For one thing, how will you live somewhere long-term if you never learn the language well and have no friendships? Beyond that, in some contexts men and women won't be evangelized in the same room, so you need women who can teach and evangelize women. When our missionaries are home on furlough I spend time training them, especially in teaching, and one missionary wife was probably the best first-time Bible teacher I've ever heard. I don't think women ought to be preaching to men, but she's so gifted that I'm sure she'll be teaching other women, and because she's very bright with language, she'll probably help with translation.
Chad VegasThe first missionary my church ever sent was a single woman. If you're single you may wonder what you can bring. Another woman I can't name, because she's in a closed country, went to Radius in its first class and then to the field single. Two classes later a young man saw her class's graduation picture and asked, “Is that girl still single?” She was. They married, and they've been a great team. She changed our church's view of missions. She's on her third language now, and when she was in labor with their third child, her husband was drilling her vocabulary with her. These people are no joke. There are many ways women can be greatly used.
Is everyone a missionary?
I'm Philip. We served in Southeast Asia with Frontiers, but God brought us back to America to keep serving as missionaries in a different context. How do we convey that you can be a missionary here in America?
Chad VegasI'll answer generically and then get specific in a way that may tick some people off. Technically, a missionary is someone who is sent; that's what the word means. “How are they to preach unless they are sent?” (Romans 10:15). Even the Son of God was not self-sent (I won't attempt the Trinitarian magic Kevin DeYoung did for us). No one is self-sent. You're sent by the church, and not everyone in the church is sent. The church as a body is sent, but some members are uniquely set apart: we lay hands on them, pray for them and send them out as gospel ministers. Presbyterians speak of home missions and foreign missions; in both cases they mean a gospel minister sent by the church.
Chad VegasI'm not saying that's wrong. But the unfortunate result can be that everything becomes missions until nothing is missions. In our church, technically, I'm a gospel minister sent to my own city, but I don't call myself a missionary. We reserve the word for foreign missions, and in fact for those who go to lay a foundation: Pauline missions rather than Timothy-type ministry. That's not the only possible definition, but something unique has been lost: sending people like Brooks, or his father Brad, to proclaim Christ where he has never been named rather than build on another's foundation. There's a unique honor in that. I'm not jealous of it; I praise God for it. I just don't want to confuse two categories. “I love my neighbor, so I'm a missionary.” No, that's keeping the Great Commandment, not the Great Commission. You should keep the Great Commandment, and you can't effectively keep the Great Commission without it. But being a good Christian and faithful witness is not the same as gospel ministry. They go together, but they're not the same.
Chad VegasAnd if you're sitting at Starbucks with your laptop and latte and tell someone, “I love Jesus and I go to this church,” and then say, “I'm a missionary just like Brooks,” no, you're really not. Praise God that you're doing it; it's good. But it's not the same, and I'm concerned about how our language becomes egalitarian, making everything equal and identical.
Chad VegasAs for diaspora ministry: the mission of the church is not to wait for people to come. It's to go. There are certainly peoples here. Members of our church have moved into immigrant communities to learn their language and reach them, and we thank God for that; it's noble and worth doing. But here's what's unlikely: you reach that people and they say, “Now I'll move back to my home country.” With these minority languages the flow of people tends to go one direction, away from home. So I'd push toward going where the language's home is, because people there will emigrate when they can, and they'll bring the gospel with them. It's a wisdom call, not a biblical requirement. It's also a danger of bringing someone from a very difficult country to seminary in the U.S.: they get here and don't want to go back. If you've traveled to hard places, you'll stop complaining about America. You'll see why everyone wants to come. I can't go to the middle of Minneapolis and expect it to flow back to some minority people far away. That's where I'd be careful.
If you could rewind the tape
I'm Rich Hopp, one of the pastors of Lighthouse Community Church in Torrance, California. If you could rewind the tape in your churches, what would you stop doing, and what would you start earlier, to build a culture of biblical missions? There are so many barriers: the kids, the parents, the families.
Brooks BuserI come from a very unusual church; ask Chad. Its capacity for sending to the nations, especially to the fourth lane, is unbelievable. At the end of our book Send and Survive there's a QR code with Chad's church's missions policies and my church's, in San Diego. We pray regularly for eighteen sister churches in minority languages, and we have twelve Bible translations in a display case, all done by members or former members of that church, some now with the Lord.
Brooks BuserGet the DNA into the kids early. That's why I'm so big on biographies; they put steel in people's spines, and it's why we're doing children's books for every one of our films. Second, have pastors take people on good trips. Historically (Hudson Taylor coined this and Judson followed it) anything under five years was considered short-term missions. Take them on a good two- or three-week trip and expose them to things; a great benefit is that many long-term missionaries started with a short-term trip. But set your goals well, as Chad said. You're not going to win a hundred people to Christ and come back to do it again. And get them to good conferences, with your college students, young people and pastors together, because some conferences can inflict things on people. Good, carefully thought-out church policies help a lot. Learn from Chad's, and from others here. If you can't buy the book, just scan the QR code.
Jonathan MasterI'd echo all of that. The churches I've served pastorally were established works, not started from scratch in the last twenty years, so there were legacy issues. Two things I wish I had tackled more assertively. First, I'd have exposed our missions committee, and really the whole church, to how missions funding actually works. When we talk so much about fourth-lane missions, unreached language work, it's not because the other three lanes don't matter. They really, really do. But those first three lanes receive something like 98 percent of the funding, leaving a sliver, one or two percent, for what is arguably the highest burden, the point of the spear. Knowing that can reshape legacy realities.
Jonathan MasterSecond, I'd model, emphasize and facilitate much deeper, more fervent prayer, for the missionaries we support or might support and simply for the needs of the nations. I prayed for a couple of years for a student missionary society at the seminary; I didn't want to start it myself, but to see the Lord work in students' hearts. What they do is simple: they educate themselves about the needs of particular regions and language groups, and they pray. That's incredibly powerful. As pastors we are called to devote ourselves to prayer and the ministry of the word. I'd want that more clearly fixed as a priority.
We just finished praying through the first volume of Unreached 30 with our children, and they won't forget it. Is the Codex app what will replace it going forward? I'm planning to integrate it weekly.
Brooks BuserCodex is the next iteration. For pastors who value the printed page (I'm one) we'll do a second volume covering much of what's in Codex, but Codex is the way I'd go. And let me highlight what Jonathan said: if you have a legacy missions program, be very gentle with the saints already in it, and don't move too fast. Pastors get excited about the fourth lane, and that's great, but grandfather those saints in. If you don't, it's a quick way to split a church. If they aren't teaching the gospel, or are doing something clearly counterproductive for the kingdom, that's different. But if they're faithful and have been there a long time, don't make a huge turn without accounting for them.
Chad VegasOne little plug: at Greenville we run what we call the Missions Midweeker, and it isn't only for Presbyterians. Brooks, Michael Morales, Jonathan and I and others help train small cohorts of pastors, elders and deacons in building a healthy missions and sending culture, from a Tuesday to a Thursday, with lots of time together. Look on the Greenville website for the next one. Much of what we've designed comes from my own mistakes; I've already paid the dumb tax so you don't have to. I won't list everything I'd undo. It would take too long.
Funding missionaries from small churches
I'm from South Woods Baptist Church in Memphis, Tennessee. We agree the church sends. But how should small churches without big budgets approach funding? Does it fall mainly on the sending church, on bivocational work by the missionary, or on grassroots fundraising from a thousand sources?
Chad VegasThis is hard, because there's no clear command in Scripture, and I can't bind your church's conscience. But when Radius started, my church had about eighty people, and I told my elders it would cost two hundred fifty or three hundred thousand dollars. We had a sister church in San Diego that would help, but neither church was large. A motley crew of men were willing to put up everything we had to get it going, even if it meant I had to give up my salary, which I didn't like the thought of. At some point a church has to decide: do we really believe eternity is forever, that people are going to hell, and that some things matter more than our worries about resources? Do we believe God owns the cattle on a thousand hills and will provide if we do what he commands?
Chad VegasSo, small churches with little money: stop thinking small thoughts. William Carey had hardly any money. The little Baptist association that sent him collected very little, and launched a missions movement that reshaped how the world saw missions. We don't have Carey's sermon, just its two points, from Isaiah 54: enlarge the place of your tent, lengthen your cords, because the Son will receive his inheritance and they will come in. Therefore expect great things from God, and attempt great things for God. Do we believe Jesus will receive his reward, his people? If so, we should attempt great things, not knowing how every need will be met, trusting that if we do what he wants, he will meet them. In our case other churches and people stepped in, because they saw the Lord's work being done in the Lord's church. In the early Radius days we didn't know where all the money would come from, but we never lacked. Either we really believe the Lord Jesus will receive all the sheep the Father gave him from every tribe and tongue and nation, or we don't. If we do, we stop asking first how we'll afford it, and we go after it and trust the Lord.
Jonathan MasterNotice two things in Chad's story. They were willing to put all their chips in the middle of the table, and they partnered with other churches. Whatever your size, if someone has been raised up who needs to be sent, I have to think there is another good church that could help fill the gap. This is the job the Lord has given the church, so work as hard as you can to partner with others.
Chad VegasAnd one thing: don't send a missionary out to do it all alone. This really bothers me. “Great, you'll do the hardest thing on earth in the hardest place on earth, and by the way, unlike our pastor, who gets a salary, you go raise your own money.” We don't send the pastor out to raise his salary. Would you want your members to say, “You'd like a salary this year? Great, go raise it”? I'm not saying missionaries should never raise any support. But if you believe this person should be sent, pastors, elders, deacons and the church should step up and lead in raising it.
Seminary and closed countries
I'm Anthony, a member of Hope Church in Texas. If someone hopes to serve in a closed country that is hostile toward Christianity, is having seminary training a significant security risk, or do the benefits outweigh it?
Brooks BuserIt won't matter whether you have a degree from Greenville or Southern Seminary. You'll need a good training school like Radius to teach you how to manage your background. What alarms immigration officials in closed countries is a history of posting online that suddenly goes dark; that signals you're coming to do something new. You need to learn how to curate your background and have an accurate narrative that looks normal to an immigration official. The more advanced countries will already know you're there as a missionary. Then the question is whether you can work well with officials and avoid embarrassing them. That's a line you'll have to walk, and a good training school will teach you how.
Engaging an animistic worldview
I'm Michael from Vertical Community Church in Texas. Many cultures have a very supernatural worldview. What was that like among the Yembiyembi, and how did you engage it?
Brooks BuserI'd want to know what you mean by “supernatural worldview.” One of my favorite sayings is Ian Hamilton's: “I'm an unabashed supernaturalist.” So am I. I believe in a God who does incredible things for the glory of his name; I've seen them firsthand. The supernatural isn't confined to those who don't know the gospel. That said, the Yembiyembi had an animistic worldview with other overtones; animism, or syncretism, is the dominant religion of the world today. Good missionaries learn the culture right alongside the language; you can't use the language at a high level without knowing the culture, or know the culture without knowing the language at a high level. That includes their cosmology and anthropology: where they think the races came from, the sun, moon and stars, the elements, the seasons. Much of that has supernatural overtones, especially in small oral societies. You go for a high level of understanding so that when you teach, you bring the biblical narrative into direct collision with that worldview, including how they understand spirits and the forces of the universe.
Mercy ministries and the mission of the church
I'm Nathan, an assistant pastor at Redeemer Presbyterian Church in Sugar Land, Texas. Yesterday H. B. Charles said that Jesus' primary mission was preaching, with signs and wonders secondary. That got me thinking about medical missions, disaster relief (the PCA has a whole wing devoted to it), education and justice ministries. Biblically, what role do these play in missions, if any?
Brooks BuserSuch a good Presbyterian question. I'm not in trouble with this one at all.
Jonathan MasterNone of us wants to be the language police. Chad reserves “missionary” for Pauline, fourth-lane work without criticizing every other use. But we do want clarity, and these things do have a role. Biblically, they are probably best seen in a diaconal context. And then there are things Christians can and should do in the face of various needs that are not, properly speaking, the mission of the church, but are wonderful, and we should encourage people in them. So I'd think in categories: what is the mission of the church, including its diaconal work; and what good things can individual Christians do that we might help them do, even contribute money toward. Technically I don't think all of those should be called missions; that clouds the issue and keeps us from the crystal clarity we need about the task of missions. But winning the battle over language may not always be the ground to fight on.
Chad VegasProverbs 11:30 says, “The fruit of the righteous is a tree of life, and whoever captures souls is wise.” Notice how those go together. You see that in Jesus' life. I didn't hear H. B.'s sermon, so I won't impute anything to it, but I don't like calling Jesus' miracles secondary. They were signs, but they also demonstrated the in-breaking of the new creation, the reversal of the curse, the restoration of the blessing lost through sin, which he then taught. His doing went hand in hand with his teaching. Acts 1:1 speaks of all that Jesus began to do and teach, and he continues to do and teach by his Spirit through his church. The church in Acts both did and taught, but its gospel preaching and its doing were not confused. One supported the other; one was the fruit of the other.
Chad VegasIf I do something kind for my neighbor, it's the fruit of love for Christ, which is the fruit of his love for me. But I don't then say, “I shared the gospel with them, because my life is the gospel.” Your life may be the first life deeply impacted by the gospel that someone ever sees, and that matters. But my life is not good news for anybody. The change in my life because of Christ reflects the good news, I hope. Doing is the fruit of the teaching and supports it. We want to adorn the doctrine of God. But let's not confuse the adornment with the thing itself.
Brooks BuserOne more thing. Many terms are losing their meaning, and good categories help churches be strategic. John Piper did a great service with Romans 10:13–15: goers and senders (“goer, sender, or disobedient,” as he puts it). Terms like “unreached people groups” and “unengaged unreached people groups” were attempts to highlight categories so we wouldn't pour all our effort in one direction. Today “unreached people groups” is largely meaningless because everyone defines it differently. That's why we came up with the four lanes of missions, defined by church and language. Lane one: training pastors in foreign countries, as conservative Presbyterians and The Master's Academy International do so well. Lane two: English-speaking churches abroad. Lane three: national languages. All really good work. And lane four: unreached languages, where there is no church. It's all an attempt to keep our categories clear so that this work doesn't get shunted off with less than 2 percent of the money and the men. Without good categories, everything is missions and we just go do anything, which is how we got where we are today. So I'm glad for “goers and senders.” We shouldn't have one speed of missions, but several, and that gives us better strategy.
When results are slow
I'm Bibi, from Nepal; my wife and I serve in South Asia. We face a lot of persecution and opposition. The churches and donors who support us want instant results and numbers, but under opposition results don't come instantly, and people coming to Christ isn't in our hands; it's the work of the Holy Spirit. How do we communicate that to supporters, show them fruit, and not get discouraged ourselves by slow fruit? How should we see this biblically?
Jonathan MasterEvery question you asked except the last is one everyone in this room needs to hear, because they are about how senders view the work. It's lamentable that you may need to help shape their expectations, to model and explain what biblical evangelism and church planting look like in your context so they can understand and ask better questions. Ideally those who send and support you would already understand that and not pressure you for results that aren't yours to provide. You may simply need to tell them what you just told us. That's challenging and can be discouraging. But all of us who support this kind of work need to think hard about it and have our expectations shaped by the Bible, because nothing you described should catch us unprepared.
Jonathan MasterYour last question, about discouragement, is about understanding the Scriptures and how the Lord works. The Puritans sometimes called the Bible God's promissory note to us: a will, a legal document full of blessings and promises. Think how often the Lord goes out of his way to give us encouragement and hope against overwhelming, humanly impossible odds. “I will never leave you nor forsake you.” When Moses kept raising objections, the Lord ended the conversation with, “But I will be with you.” He says that to us. He says he will gather his elect, receive the glory due him and inherit the nations, and that he will be God to us and to our children. And he gives us his Spirit, the firstfruits of paradise. At times you may feel isolated, alone, almost fruitless. But you know that's not true, because God's word gives you all these promises of glory in your work. I'm confident that if you persevere by God's grace, you will say with Paul, “I consider that the sufferings of this present time are not worth comparing with the glory that is to be revealed to us.” I want to honor your work and encourage you.
When a team becomes a church
Brooks BuserThis will be the last question; my apologies to everyone still in line.
I'm Nick, a member of Heritage Baptist Church in Lynchburg, Virginia. What's the relationship between membership and eldership in your sending church and in the church you plant overseas? When do you transfer membership? Does the team covenant together as a church as soon as it arrives, with the men on the team as elders, or do you wait for national leaders?
Brooks BuserThis is a fairly new question in some ways. People point to William Carey's team covenanting together as a church as soon as they arrived, and they did, but it was a large team that never intended to return. Today's missionaries have much more coming and going. So I have four guardrails for a team covenanting together as a church, whether in a national-language or minority-language context.
Brooks BuserFirst, does your sending church agree? If we are church-governed and church-led and your home church says no, respect that, or be sent by another body. Second, you need critical mass. There are “churches” that are a husband and wife, where he is the pastor and she is the only member; that's dangerous and puts a heavy load on the wife. Many overseas plants are a missionary couple, another couple and two single women. That's not enough to call yourselves a church, and it isn't sustainable when people go on furlough. Third, proximity to an existing church. When you go to a national context, don't learn the language in an empty area; find a good church in that country, learn the language there and be a faithful member. Remember that with Baptist and Presbyterian ecclesiology you're dealing with the ordinances: as a Baptist far from any church, you're forgoing the Lord's Supper, and baptism. So how far are you from the church where you were a member? Fourth, once you have critical mass and enough distance and decide to covenant together, build into your DNA from the start that when you have your first convert, you move into their language. That puts tremendous pressure on the women and children, who had better know the language, so that you don't keep an English service going alongside something in the local language. Too often missionaries covenant together and never make that switch. Those are my four parameters. This has deserved more attention in recent years than it has received, especially in Baptist circles; Presbyterians don't face it the same way. We need to navigate it carefully.
Jonathan MasterGreat God and Father, thank you for the fellowship we enjoy with one another because of our fellowship with Christ, and for the wonderful promises of Christ's victory, his inheritance and his sustaining of his people. May we live in the light of those promises. Thank you for the good teaching we have received and will continue to receive; give us open ears and soft hearts to hear from you. Use the rest of this day to inflame our love for Christ and his people and our willingness to consecrate ourselves to the great task you have given us. We ask with thanksgiving, in Jesus' name.